Article 12-35 covers Fundamental Right in Indian Constitution. List of Fundamental Rights There are six fundamental rights of Indian constitution along with the constitutional articles related to them are mentioned below: ◆ Right to Equality (Article 14-18) ◆ Right to Freedom (Article 19-22) ◆ Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24) ◆ Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28) ◆ Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29-30) ◆ Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) • (Article 12) of the Indian Constitution states that, “Definition in this part, unless the context otherwise requires, the State includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.” • (Article 13) in The Indian Constitution states that , Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights 1. All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void 2. The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void 3. In this article, unless the context otherwise requires law includes any Ordinance, order, bye law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usages having in the territory of India the force of law; laws in force includes laws passed or made by Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas 4. Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under Article 368 Right of Equality • (Article 33) of The Indian Constitution restrict the fundamental rights of armed forces. Article 33 empowers the parliament(not state legislature) to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of the members of armed forces, paramilitary forces & analogous forces. Main aim for this provision is to ensure the proper discharge of their duties and to maintain discipline amongst them. The expression “members of armed forces” also covers such employees of the armed forces as barbers, carpenters,cooks,tailors,chowkidars who are non-combatants. • (Article 34) . RESTRICTION ON RIGHTS CONFERRED BY THIS PART WHILE MARITAL LAW IS IN FORCE IN ANY AREA Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration or order in any area within the territory of India where martial law was in force or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered or other act done under martial law in such area. (Article 35 ). LEGISLATION TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PART Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, – (a) Parliament shall have, and the Legislature of a State shall not have, power to make laws – (i) With respect to any of the matters which under clause (3) of article 16, clause (3) of article 32, article 33 and article 34 may be provided for by law made by Parliament; and (ii) for prescribing punishment for those acts which are declared to be offences under this part, and Parliament shall, as soon as may be after the commencement of this Constitution, make laws for prescribing punishment for the acts referred to in sub-clause (ii); (b) any law in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution in the territory of India with respect to any of the matters referred to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) or providing for punishment for any act referred to in sub-clause (ii) of that clause shall, subject to the terms thereof and to any adaptations and modifications that may be made therein under article 372, continue in force until altered or repealed or amended by Parliament. @Ashwani Singh : Text Editor

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